Serosurveillance yana ma'amala tare da ƙididdige yawan ƙwayoyin rigakafi a cikin yawan jama'a akan wani takamaiman cuta.Yana taimakawa auna rigakafi na yawan jama'a bayan kamuwa da cuta ko alurar riga kafi kuma yana da amfanin annoba a auna haɗarin watsawa da matakan rigakafin yawan jama'a.A cikin cututtukan coronavirus na yanzu na 2019 (COVID-19), cutar sankarau, serosurvey ya taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen tantance ainihin matakin kamuwa da cutar coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) a cikin mutane daban-daban.Har ila yau, ya taimaka kafa alamun cututtuka, misali, rabon kamuwa da cuta (IFR).
Ya zuwa ƙarshen 2020, an buga binciken bincike 400.Waɗannan karatun sun dogara ne akan nau'ikan immunoassays daban-daban waɗanda aka ƙirƙira don tantance ƙwayoyin rigakafin ƙwayoyin cuta da SARS-CoV-2, da farko suna yin niyya duka ko ɓangaren furotin (S) da nucleocapsid (N) sunadaran SARS-CoV-2.A halin da ake ciki na COVID-19 na annoba na yanzu, yunƙurin annoba na ci gaba da faruwa a yankuna daban-daban na duniya, suna kamuwa da cuɗanya iri-iri na jama'a a wani lokaci.Wannan al'amari ya ƙalubalanci SARS-CoV-2 serosurveillance saboda yanayin yanayin rigakafi daban-daban.
Masana kimiyya sun lura cewa matakan anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody suna da halin rubewa bayan lokacin kwanciyar hankali.Irin wannan abin da ya faru yana ƙara yiwuwar sakamako mara kyau ta hanyar immunoassays.Waɗannan ɓangarorin ƙarya na iya lalata ainihin ƙimar kamuwa da cuta har sai an gane su kuma an gyara su cikin sauri.Bugu da kari, bayan kamuwa da cuta antibody kinetics suna bayyana daban-daban daidai da tsananin kamuwa da cuta - mafi munin kamuwa da cuta na COVID-19 yana haifar da haɓaka mafi girma a matakin ƙwayoyin rigakafi idan aka kwatanta da cututtuka masu laushi ko asymptomatic.
Yawancin karatu sun haɗa da maganin rigakafi don watanni shida bayan kamuwa da cuta.Waɗannan binciken sun gano cewa yawancin mutane a cikin al'ummomin da suka kamu da cutar ta SARS-CoV-2 sun nuna cututtuka masu laushi ko asymptomatic.Masu bincike sun yi imanin cewa yana da mahimmanci a ƙididdige canjin matakan rigakafin ƙwayoyin cuta, ta yin amfani da gwajin rigakafi da ake da su, a faɗin nau'in tsananin kamuwa da cuta.An kuma ɗauki shekaru a matsayin muhimmin abu a cikin waɗannan karatun.
A cikin wani binciken da aka yi kwanan nan, masana kimiyya sun ƙididdige matakan rigakafin rigakafin SARS-CoV-2 har zuwa watanni 9 bayan kamuwa da cuta, kuma sun buga bincikensumedRxiv* uwar garken riga-kafi.A cikin binciken da ake yi a yanzu, an dauki gungun mutanen da suka kamu da cutar ta hanyar binciken binciken da aka gudanar a Geneva, Switzerland.Masu bincike sun yi amfani da immunoassays daban-daban guda uku, wato, Semi-quantitative anti-S1 ELISA gano IgG (wanda ake magana da shi azaman EI), ƙimar Elecsys anti-RBD (wanda ake magana da shi, Roche-S) da Elecsys anti-N (wanda ake nufi da Roche- N).Binciken na yanzu yana ba da mahimman haske game da nazarin ilimin serologic na tushen yawan jama'a kuma yana nuna sarƙaƙƙiya a cikin yanayin rigakafi saboda cakuda cututtukan COVID-19 na baya-bayan nan da na nesa, da kuma rigakafin.
Binciken da aka yi la’akari da shi ya ba da rahoton cewa mutanen da suka yi kwangilar COVID-19 tare da alamu masu laushi ko kuma asymptomatic, sun bayyana kasancewar ƙwayoyin rigakafi.Waɗannan ƙwayoyin rigakafin sun yi niyya ko dai nucleocapsid (N) ko furotin (S) na SARS-CoV-2 kuma an gano suna dagewa na aƙalla watanni 8 bayan kamuwa da cuta.Koyaya, gano su ya dogara sosai akan zaɓi na rigakafi.Masu bincike sun gano cewa ma'aunin farko na ƙwayoyin rigakafi, waɗanda aka karɓa daga mahalarta cikin watanni huɗu da rabi na COVID-19, sun yi daidai da duk nau'ikan rigakafin rigakafi guda uku da aka yi amfani da su a cikin wannan binciken.Koyaya, bayan watanni huɗu na farko, kuma har zuwa watanni takwas bayan kamuwa da cuta, sakamakon ya bambanta a cikin gwaje-gwajen.
Wannan binciken ya bayyana cewa a cikin yanayin EI IgG assay, daya cikin mahalarta hudu ya koma sero.Duk da haka, ga sauran immunoassays, kamar Roche anti-N da anti-RBD jimlar Ig gwaje-gwaje, kawai 'yan ko babu sero-reversions aka gano ga guda samfurin.Hatta mahalarta masu kamuwa da cututtuka masu sauƙi, waɗanda a baya an ɗauka don haifar da ƙarancin amsawar rigakafi, sun nuna hankali yayin amfani da anti-RBD da anti-N jimlar gwajin Ig Roche.Duk waɗannan gwaje-gwajen sun kasance masu hankali fiye da watanni 8 bayan kamuwa da cuta.Don haka, waɗannan sakamakon sun bayyana cewa duka Roche immunoassays sun fi dacewa don ƙididdige ƙwayar cuta bayan dogon lokaci bayan kamuwa da cuta ta farko.
Bayan haka, ta yin amfani da nazarce-nazarcen kwaikwayo, masu bincike sun kammala cewa idan ba tare da ingantaccen hanyar ƙididdigewa ba, musamman, idan aka yi la’akari da sauye-sauyen tantance lokaci, binciken da ba zai zama daidai ba.Wannan zai haifar da rashin kima na ainihin adadin tarin cututtuka a cikin yawan jama'a.Wannan binciken immunoassay ya nuna kasancewar bambance-bambance a cikin ƙimar seropositivity tsakanin gwaje-gwajen da ake samu na kasuwanci.
Dole ne a lura cewa akwai iyakoki da yawa na wannan binciken.Misali, reagent da aka yi amfani da shi yayin gudanar da kima na EI na tushen tushe (gwajin farko ko na farko) da kuma biyo baya (gwajin na biyu don ƴan takara iri ɗaya) samfurori a cikin takamaiman tazarar lokaci sun bambanta.Wani iyakance na wannan binciken shine cewa ƙungiyoyin ba su haɗa da yara ba.Har ya zuwa yau, ba a rubuta wani shaida na tsawon lokaci na antibody kuzari a cikin yara ba.
Lokacin aikawa: Maris 24-2021